人教版八年级上册英语第四单元语法

Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?

Grammar Focus(语法同步讲)

语法一、形容词的最高级的用法

• 形容词最高级变化（形容词原级→形容词比较级→最高级）

规则变化：

1. 词尾+est

tall--taller--tallest             old--older--oldest

2. 以不发音的e结尾的单词+st

Large--larger--largest

3. 以重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾辅音字母+est

big--bigger--biggest      hot--hotter--hottest

4. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词改y为i+est

busy--busier--busiest    early--earlier--earliest

其他多音节词：the most+形容词原级

beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful

不规则变化：

bad/ill---worse---worst  good/well---better---best      little---less---least

much/many---more----most   far---farther/further---farthest/furthest

old---older/elder---oldest/eldest

• 形容词最高级的基本句式

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China .

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .

句式一、A+be 动词+the+形容词最高级+范围（of/in/among）

句式二、A+be动词+the+序数词+形容词最高级+范围（of/in/among）

注意：当物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格+形容词最高级时（定冠词the省略）

This is our best lesson today.

• 形容词比较级与最高级表达转换

Lilei is taller than any other student in his class.

→Li lei is the tallest sudent in his class.

 

Exercises:

用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. He is the ___________(old) of the three boys .
2. He is the _______(fat) among these students .
3. He is the ______(good)teacher ,even though he has the ______(little )experience .

语法二：形容词比较级与最高级综合句式用法

 

• .形容词比较级与最高级基本句式

 

形容词比较级与最高级的基本句式
比较级	A+be动词+形容词比较级+than B
	Jane is taller than Mary.
	主+be动词+the 形容词比较级+of the two
	Jane is the taller of the twins.
最高级	主+be+the +形容词最高级+范围（of/in/among）
	Jane is the tallest in her class.

• 形容词比较级与最高级的常见句式（特殊疑问句）

Which one is more expensive,diamond or gold?

Which one is the most expensive,diamond,gold or silver?

• 其他句式

形容词比较级与最高级的其他句式
比较级	比较级+and+比较级     “越来越...”
	It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气正变的越来越暖和。
	The+比较级，the+比较级  “越..., 越...”
	The more, the better.  越多越好
最高级	The+序数词+形容词最高级+名词    “第...个最...的”
	The Yellow River is the second longest river in China。
	One of the +形容词最高级+复数名词  “是最...之一”
	The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing.

 

Exercises:

1.Vocabulary is one of ______ difficulties on your way of learning a foreign language.

1. big   B. biggerC. biggestD. the biggest

2.用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子。

He is much ______, because he often gets home later and leaves home earlier than I. (busy)

3.Dereck is ______ of the two men.

1. strong   B. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest

 

语法三：副词最高级的变化及句式

• 副词最高级（副词--副词比较级--副词最高级）

规则变化：

单音节与少数多音节

1. 词尾+est

fast---faster---fastest

2. 不发音的e结尾的单词加--r,--st

late--later--latest

3. 其他最高级以ly结尾的单词

more+副词原级--most +副词原级

Slow--more slowly--most slowly    注：early---earlier---earliest

特殊变化：

Well--better--best       far---farther/further---farthest/furthest

Much---more---most   badly--worse--worst  little---less--least

• 副词比较级与最高级的句式

副词比较级及最高级句式
比较级	He swims faster than me .  A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B
	He swims fater of the two.
最高级	He runs (the)fatest in his class. 主+实义动词+副词最高级+范围（in/of/among）
	He jumps the second highest in his school.  主+实义动词+the +序数词+副词最高级+范围
	Which sport do you like best,football,basketball or tennis?

比较级与最高级的转换：

The boy students harder than any other student in his class.

→The boy studies (the) hardest in his class.

The boy studies the second hardest in his class. (此时the 不可省略)

Exercises：

1. She works _______(hard) of the four girls.
2. She danced ________(graceful)of the four girls.
3. John walks much _________(slow)than his sister.

Exercises答案：

语法一、

1.Oldest/eldest    2.fattest     3.best,least

语法二、

1.one of后面通常接形容词最高级再加名词复数，并且形容词最高级通常要加定冠词，故答案为D。

2.根据“他比我早出门晚回家”可知“他忙一些”，又因为空前面有much，故应用比较级，busy的比较级是busier。

3.Of the two men是表示“两者中”，应用“the +比较级”的结构，故正确答案为C。

语法三：

1. （the）hardest   2.(the) most gracefully    3.more slowly