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回顾：原级的构成和用法
l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词
2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用" as 十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构；
表示双方不相等时，用" not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构；
表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用"倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as"的结构．
e.g. Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you．
This building looks not so (as) high as that one．
This room is three times as large as that one.
- 比较级和最高级的构成
- 加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。
单音节形容词和副词 以不发音的-e结尾的
High higher highest safe safer safest
Hard harder hardest late later latest
small----smaller----smallest large----larger----largest
new----newer----newest nice----nicer----nicest
辅音字母要双写的情况 以辅音加-y结尾的情况
Big bigger biggest dry drier driest
Hot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest
Thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest
- 写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：
1. nice ______________________ 2. fat ____________________
3. slow _____________________ 4. dry ____________________
5. happy ____________________ 6. wet ____________________
7. thin ______________________ 8. far ____________________
9. early _____________________ 10. careful_________________
- exciting ___________________ 16. busy __________________
2. 根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：
1. Mr. Smith is ____ _____ man in this office. (rich)
2. Winter is _____ ____ season of the years. (cold)
3. This radio is not so ___ ____ as that one. (cheap)
4. It is much __ _____ today than yesterday. (hot)
5. She is a little ___ _____ than her classmates. (careful)
6. _____ ___ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)
7. Which book is ___ _____, this one or that one? (easy)
8. My room is _____ __ than yours. (small)
9. Hainan is _____ __ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)
10. Skating is ____ ___ than swimming. (exciting)
11. Jim is ____ ___ than all the others. (honest)
12. The higher you climb, the ___ ____ it will be. (cold)
13.There are ____ ___ boys than girls in our class. (few)
2) 加more, most构成比较级和最高级
多音节的形容词 由形容词加-ly构成的副词
Expensive more expensive most expensive slowly more slowly most slowly
Carefully more carefully most carefully highly more highly most highly
以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive, -ing等结尾的双元音形容词
Useless more useless most useless
Serious more serious most serious
分词形容词tired,pleased及glad,often,real, right,wrong等单音节形容词。
Tired more tired most tired
Glad more glad most glad
小练习：写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：
long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____
heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____
brightly______ -_____ far____ _____
quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________
- Which is _______(big), the sun, the moon or the earth?
2. Which is ___ ___ (beautiful), the black coat or the blue one?
3. This mooncake is ___ _ (cheap) of all.
4. He is ____ ___ (strong) in the class.
5. English is __ __ (widely) spoken in the world.
6, Now his life is becoming ___ _____ and ___ ____. (difficult)
- Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad)
3）下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法．
cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruel
often oftener oftenest more often most often
strict stricter strictest more strict most strict
friendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly
4)形容词。副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法
Good/well better best
Bad/ill/badly worse worst
Many/much more most
Little less least
Far farther/further farthest/furthest
Old older/elder oldest/eldest
小练习：
1. much ____________________ 2 ill _____________________
3. little _____________________ 4. bad ___________________
用所给词的正确形式填空：
- This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)
- Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
- My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
- John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.
- She will be much ______ (happy) in her new house.
- The short one is by far _______ (expensive)of the five.
- The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
- Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.
2 比较级的表示法：主语+be+比较级+than…
主语+谓语+比较级+than…
- 不同主语的比较，
①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用"比较级十 than"的结构表示
He is two years younger than I.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用" less十原级十 than"的结构表示
This room is less beautiful than that one
2) 同一主语不同方面的比较
She is now happier than she has ever been
用于修饰比较级的词：even, （very）much, far, a lot, still, yet. a bit，a little，still，much，yet，by far
注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加" the"．如
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量，可在比较级前加上上述表示程度的副词，以加强语气。
He works even harder than before.
4）某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than．(这些词有inferior [in'fiəriə]低人一等的 | 下等的 | 下级的， superior [sju:'piriə]上级的；优秀的，出众的；高傲的，junior（下级的，年少的），senior（年长的，高级的），prior（较早的，在先的）等．Junior school小学，senior school中学例如：
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics
5）在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
小练习：
1． 本书跟那本书一样有趣。
This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.
2． 你游泳没有你弟弟好。
You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.
3． 今天比昨天冷的多。
It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.
4． 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。
This story is _____ ______ ______ than that one.
5． 他比我大两岁。
He is _____ ______ ______ than I.
6． 这个故事不如那个有趣。
This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one.
7． 她的身体状况一天天好起来。
He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.
- 他对英语越来越感兴趣。
He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English.
- 他吃的越多，人越胖。
The more he eats, the _______ he gets.
- 你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。
Your question is _______ ______ ______ of two
二，as, little, few, elder等在比较级中的用法。
as 用于比较级
1）。As +形容词或副词原级+as
Tom is as tall as Mike.
2) as +形容词原形+A+名词+as
He is as good a student as you.
3) 倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as
This room is three times as large as that one.
提到倍数用法，
补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
- A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．例如：
Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．)
2) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．例如；
The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．
3) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．例如：
Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．)
用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用 twice或 double
little/few和many/much的比较级和最高级以及用法
1）little less least修饰不可数名词
2）few fewer fewest修饰可数复数名词
3）much more most修饰不可数名词
4）many more most修饰可数复数名词
If you want to be thinner and healthier, you’d better eat less food and take more exercise.
3.a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法
1）the +比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓：越。。。越。。。
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
2)比较级+and+比较级：越来越。。。
The weather is getting colder and colder.
- elder的用法
1）不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级
My sister is older( than me). My sister is elder(than me)
2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后
She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。
三．形容词和副词最高级的用法，most/mostly/almost/at most 的含义
1.形容词和副词最高级的用法
三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。最高级中表示比较范围的常用among, in, of 引导的介词短语或从句表示。
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
She is one of the most beautiful girls in our school.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
- 用于修饰最高级的词
最高级可以被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest． How much did the second most expensive hat coat?
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
- 由ing分词和ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4表示"最高程度"的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级．
- most, mostly, almost, at most的用法。
most作副词，构成形容词和副词的最高级
Most作副词，构成大多数双音节或多音节形容词和副词的最高级形式，前面常有定冠词。
Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in this town?
2)most作副词，修饰形容词和副词，用来加强语气，表示：极，十分。前面不用定冠词。
It’s most dangerous to play with fire.
3）most作形容词，修饰名词。
Most作形容词，意为“大多数的，大部分的，几乎全部的”，修饰名词，前面不用冠词。与most of同义，但most of后的名词前必须加冠词。
Most of the students had left when he came.
4) mostly :主要地，多半地，相当于mainly
He uses his bike mostly for going to school
5）almost意为：几乎，相当于very nearly.
He spent almost the whole day reading English.
6)at most意为“最多”, 与at least相对
I can pay only twenty dollars at (the ) most.
