初中英语七种基本句子成分及五种基本句型

【句子成分】 

口诀：主、谓、宾，定、状、补、表    

1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构

2、谓语：动词或动词短语

• 宾语：位于动词或介词后面
• 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。

 

• 定语：修饰名词或代词

 

• 表语：位于系动词之后

                            

【五种基本句型】

基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）

Eg：1. The sun│rose.

2. Who │cares?

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，

后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

 

基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.

 

基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

1. Who │knows │the answer?
2. He │has refused │to help them.

 

基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，eg：give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.

基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

 

1. They │painted │the door │green.
2. This │set │them │thinking.

 

【语法专练】

判断下列句子属于哪种句型

• Pleas tell us a story.         2. She smiled.                  

3. I have a lot work to do.      4. His job is to train swimmers.                  
4. He noticed a man enter the room.    6. Please look at the picture.                  

     

【综合练习】

（一）挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

 

(二) 挑出下列句中的表语

-- The old man was feeling very tired.

-- The leaves have turned yellow.

-- Soon They all became interested in the subject.

 

(三) 挑出下列句中的定语

1. What is your given name?
2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

 

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

④ They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

 

(五) 挑出下列句中的状语

① There was a big smile on her face.

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

 

（六）划分句子成分

1.  You will tell your friend that you’ve got to school.
2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.
4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.